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23 Feb 2008 

 Qualifications

Under Article 7, Section 2 of the Philippine Constitution, In order to serve as President, an individual must be at least 40 years of age, a registered voter, able to read and write, a Filipino citizen by birth, and a resident of the Philippines for at least 10 years prior to election.[1]

 Oath

Under Article 7, Section 5 of the Philippine Constitution, before the president enters on the execution of his/her office, the President shall take the following oath or affirmation [1] :

I do solemnly swear [or affirm] that I will faithfully and conscientiously fulfill my duties as President [or Vice-President or Acting President] of the Philippines, preserve and defend its Constitution, execute its laws, do justice to every man, and consecrate myself to the service of the Nation. So help me God.

[In case of affirmation, last sentence will be omitted]

 Powers

Under Article 7, Section 1 of the Philippine Constitution, the president heads the Executive branch of the government, which includes the Cabinet and all executive departments. The executive power, as such, is vested on the President alone. [1]

Section 18 of the Philippine Constitution, the president is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. As Commander-in-Chief, the President can call out such armed forces to prevent or suppress lawless violence, invasion or rebellion. In case of invasion or rebellion, when the public safety requires it, he or she may, for a period not exceeding sixty days, suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus or place the Philippines or any part thereof under martial law. [1]

Section 19 gives the president power to grant reprieves, commutations, and pardons, and remit fines and forfeitures, after conviction by final judgment, except when the President is under impeachment. [1]

Section 20 provides the president to contract or guarantee foreign loans on behalf of the Republic of the Philippines with the prior concurrence of the Monetary Board, and subject to such limitations as may be provided by law. [1]

The president exercises general supervision over local government units.

The president appoints, with consent of the Commission on Appointments, members of the Constitutional Commission, ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, or officers of the armed forces from the rank of colonel or naval captain, and other officers whose appointments are vested in the President in 1987 Constitution.

The members of the Supreme Court are appointed by the president, based on a list prepared by the Judicial and Bar Council. These appointments do not need the consent of the Commission on Appointments.

 Official title

The official title of the president is the "President of the Philippines," as specified in the present Constitution of the Philippines (1987). The honorific for the President of the Philippines is "Your Excellency" or "His/Her Excellency", adopted from the title of the Governor-General of the Philippines during Spanish and American occupation. The term "President of the Republic of the Philippines" is commonly, but erroneously, used, dating back to when President José P. Laurel wanted to express the difference between his government and the previous Commonwealth government (then in exile) under President Manuel L. Quezon. The restoration of the Commonwealth in 1945 and the subsequent independence of the Philippines led to the restoration of the constitutionally-sanctioned title "President of the Philippines" until President Ferdinand E. Marcos proclaimed martial law and once more wanted to differentiate his government from those that came before. It was then that "President of the Republic of the Philippines" was adopted and indeed, specified in the 1973 Constitution of the Philippines. However, that Constitution was superseded by a new one in 1987 which restored the more traditional "President of the Philippines."


 Official residence

Main article: Malacañang Palace

Malacañan Palace, often known as Malacañang Palace, is the official residence of the President of the Philippines. The president is entitled to have an official residence as required under Article 7, Section 6 of the Philippine Constitution. [1] The palace is located along the north bank of the Pasig River in Manila. It is called Palasyo ng Malakanyang in Filipino, and Malacañan Palace when referred to as the official residence of the President of the Philippines, and simply Malacañang when referred to as the office of the president, as well as in everyday parlance and in the media. Malacañang Palace is depicted on the verso (back) side of the present-day 20-peso bill.

 State of the Nation Address

The State of the Nation Address (abbreviated SONA) is an annual event in the Republic of the Philippines, in which the President of the Philippines reports on the status of the nation, normally to the resumption of a joint session of the Congress (the House of Representatives and the Senate). This is a duty of the President as stated in Article VII, Section 23 of the 1987 Constitution [1] :

The President shall address the Congress at the opening of its regular session. He may also appear before it at any other time.

The address is also an opportunity for opposition parties to protest against the government. In 2005, tens of thousands of people attended protest rallies during the State of the Nation Address of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, calling on her to resign.

 Succession

 At the start of the term

Under Article 7, Section 7 of the Philippine Constitution, In case the president-elect fails to qualify, the Vice-President-elect shall act as President until the President-elect shall have qualified. [1]

If at the beginning of the term of the President, the President-elect shall have died or shall have become permanently disabled, the Vice President-elect shall become President. [1]

Where no President and Vice-President shall have been chosen or shall have qualified, or where both shall have died or become permanently disabled, the President of the Senate or, in case of his inability, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, shall act as President until a President or a Vice-President shall have been chosen and qualified. [1]

 During the term

Article 7, Sections 8 and 11 of the Philippine Constitution provide rules of succession to the presidency. In case of death, permanent disability, removal from office, or resignation of the President, the Vice-President will become the President to serve the unexpired term. In case of death, permanent disability, removal from office, or resignation of both the President and Vice-President; the President of the Senate or, in case of his inability, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, shall then act as President until the President or Vice-President shall have been elected and qualified.

The Congress shall, by law, provide who shall serve as President in case of death, permanent disability, or resignation of the Acting President. He shall serve until the President or the Vice-President shall have been elected and qualified, and be subject to the same restrictions of powers and disqualifications as the Acting President.

The line of presidential succession as specified by Article 7, Section 10 of the Philippine Constitution are the Vice-President, Senate President and the Speaker of the House of Representatives.

The current Presidential line of succession is:

#NamePosition
1 Manuel Leuterio B. de Castro, Jr. Vice President
2 Manuel B. Villar, Jr. Senate President
3 Prospero C. Nograles Speaker of the House

Contrary to popular belief, the Constitution doesn't name the Chief Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court in the line of succession.

If the offices of both the President and the Vice President become vacant at the same time, Congress shall enact a law calling for special election. However, if the presidential election is 18 months away, no special election shall be called.

 History

The Philippines has had a total of fourteen presidents. Despite the differences in constitutions and government, the line of presidents is considered to be continuous. For instance, the current president, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, is considered the 14th president. While the Philippines consider Emilio Aguinaldo to be the first president, the First Republic fell under the United States following the Philippine-American War. Manuel L. Quezon is considered to be the first president by the United States and the first to win an election.

The Philippines had two presidents at one point during World War II heading two governments. One was Quezon heading the Commonwealth government-in-exile (considered de jure) and the other was J. P. Laurel heading the Japanese-sponsored republic (considered de facto). Laurel was instructed to remain in Manila by President Manuel Quezon. Laurel was not recognized as a Philippine president formally until the Macapagal administration. The recognition coincided with the movement of the Philippine Independence Day from July 4 to June 12. However, it must be borne in mind that in the roster of presidents, it is inaccurate to consider Laurel the successor of Osmeña or vice versa; Laurel's republic was formally rejected after World War II and none of its statutes or actions were considered legal or binding. The inclusion of Laurel causes some problems in determining the order of presidents. Quezon, Osmeña, and Roxas, for example, were three of a continuous constitutional line; Laurel was the first and only President of the Second Republic. Thus, Laurel has no predecessor and successor, while Osmeña was Quezon's successor and Roxas was Osmeña's successor.

 Gallery


PuNkIzTa · 867 views · 0 comments
21 Feb 2008 
PANATANG MAKABAYAN
Iniibig ko ang Pilipinas
Ito ang aking lupang sinilangan
Ito ang tahanan ng aking lahi
Ako'y kanyang kinukupkop at tinutulungan
Upang maging malakas, maligaya at kapakipakinabang
Bilang ganti, diringgin ko ang payo ng aking mga magulang
Susundin ko ang mga tuntunin ng aking paaralan
Tutuparin ko ang mga tungkulin ng isang mamamayang makabayan at masunurin sa batas
Paglilingkuran ko ang aking bayan nang walang pag-iimbot at ng buong katapatan
Sisikapin kong maging isang tunay na pilipino sa isip, sa salita, at sa gawa.

PuNkIzTa · 845 views · 1 comment
18 Feb 2008 


Mga Di-kilalang Sundalo



Libu-libo ang mga di-kilalang sundalong Pilipino. Inialay nila ang kanilang buhay sa pagsisilbi para sa Inang Bayan at mga kababayan. Nagbuwis sila ng buhay dahil sa pagmamahal nila sa bansa. Ang kanilang kagitingan ay idinambana sa mga puso ng lahat ng Pilipinong mapagmahal sa kalayaan.



Sila ay ilan lamang sa mga bayaning Pilipino. Ipinagmamalaki ng mga Pilipino ang kanilang kagitingan.


PuNkIzTa · 2570 views · 1 comment
18 Feb 2008 

Lapu-lapu

Si Lapu-lapu ang kauna-unahang pinunong Pilipinong lumaban sa mga mananakop na Kastila. Pinamumunuan ni Magallanes ang unang pangkat ng mga Kastilang nagtangkang sumakop sa kapuluan. Nang dumating siya kasama ng kanyang mga sundalo sa pulo ng Mactan, magiting na ipinagtanggol ni Lapulapu at ng kanyang mga tauhan ang kalayaan nila. Napatay si  Magallanes sa labanang iyon kaya't itinanghal na unang bayaning Pilipino si Lapu-lapu ng bansa.





 

Jose Rizal

Si Rizal ang pambansang bayani ng Pilipinas. Dalawang kilalang nobela ang sinulat niya - ang Noli Me Tangere at El Filibusterismo. Inilarawan niya sa dalawang nobelang ito ang kawalang-katarungan at pagmamalupit ng mga Kastila sa mga Pilipino. Binigyang-diin din niya ang pag-ibig sa bayan at ang kinakailangang kalayaan ng ating bansa. Hindi naibigan ng mga Kastila ang isinulat niya kaya't ikinulong siya at binaril sa Bagumbayan. Rizal Park o Luneta na ang tawag ngayon sa Bagumbayan.

Bata pa lamang si Rizal ay kinakitaan na siya ng katalinuhan. Tatlong taong gilang pa lamang siya nang matutong bumasa. Kartilya ang kanyang unang aklat na may mga alpabeto at dasal. Kinagigiliwan niyang makinig sa kanyang ina habang tinuturuan nito ang kanyang mga kapatid.







 

Apolinario Mabini

Isang napakatalinong tao at may napakatibay na paninidigan si Apolinario Mabini. Kahit paralitiko siya, sumulat siya ng isang sanaysay hinggil sa mga tungkulin ng mga mamamayan sa Diyos, sa bayan, at sa kanyang kapwa-tao. naging tagapayo siya ni Heneral Emilio Aguinaldo noong panahon ng Digmaang Pilipino-Amerikano. Tinawag siyang Utak ng Himagsikan.

 











 

Emilio Aguinaldo

Si Heneral Emilio Aguinaldo ang unang pangulo ng Unang Rebolusyonaryong Republika ng Pilipinas. Sa kanyang tahanan unang itinaas ang bandila ng Pilipinas noong Hunyo 12, 1898. Ito ang araw nang ipinahayag niya ang kalayaan ng Pilipinas mula sa España.

 

 











 

Andres Bonifacio

Si Andres Bonifacio ang nagtatag ng Katipunan. Ang Katipunan ay ang samahan ng mga Katipunero. Ang mga Katipunero ay ang mga Pilipinong lumaban sa mga Kastila sa pamamagitan ng sandata o himagsikan. Gusto nilang maging malaya ang mga Pilipino mula sa España.

 

 











 

Melchora Aquino

Si Melchora Aquino ay kilala rin sa pangalang Tandang Sora. Tinulungan niya ang mga Katipunero. Binigyan niya sila ng pagkain at tirahan. Inalagaan pa niya ang mga may sakit at sugatang Katipunero. Isa iyang matapang na Pilipino.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


PuNkIzTa · 5457 views · 0 comments
18 Feb 2008 





Isang kapuluan ang bansang Pilipinas (opisyal: Republika ng Pilipinas). Binubuo ang bansa ng higit-kumulang na pitong libo, isang daan at pitong (7,107) mga pulo. Matatagpuan ito sa rehiyong tropikal ng daigdig sa may kanluran ng Karagatang Pasipiko. Kabilang sa lupalop o kontinente ng Asya ang bansang Pilipinas.

Matatagpuan sa pagitan ng 116° 40' at 126° 34' S. longhitud, at 4° 40' at 21° 10' H. latitud ang Pilipinas. Pinapalibutan ito ng Dagat ng Pilipinas sa silangan, ng Dagat Luzón sa kanluran, at ng Dagat ng Celebes sa timog. Matatagpuan ang bansang Indonesia sa katimugang bahagi ng bansa habang matatagpuan ang bansang Malaysia sa timog-kanluran. Sa silangan matatagpuan ang bansang Palau at sa hilaga matatagpuan ang bansang Taiwan.

Malaking impluwensiya sa wika at kultura ng Pilipinas ang naidulot ng pagsakop ng mga bansang Espanya (mula 1565 hanggang 1898) at Estados Unidos(mula 1898 hanggang 1946). Ang relihiyong Katoliko o Katolisismo ang pinakamalaking impluwensiyang naibahagi ng mga Kastila sa kulturang Pilipino.

Tanyag ang Pilipinas sa mga kalakal at yaring pang-export at sa kanyang mga OFW o Overseas Filipino Workers. Kasalukuyang nakararanas ng pag-unlad ang bansa sa mga remittances na ipinapadala pauwi ng mga OFW. Isa sa mga pinakaumuunlad na sektor ang information technology sa ekonomiya ng Pilipinas. Marami ring mga dayuhan ang namumuhunan sa bansa dahil sa mataas na palitan ng dolyar at piso. Kasalukuyan ding umaangat ang sektor ng serbisyo na dulot ng mga call centers na naglipana sa bansa.

Katiwalian sa pamahalaan, polusyon, basura, kawalan ng trabaho, sobrang populasyon at extra-judicial killings o ilegal na pagpatay sa mga taong bumabatikos o kumakalaban sa pamahalaan ang mga pangunahing problema ng Pilipinas. Nagdudulot din ng problema sa bansa ang mga pangkat na Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) sa katimugang Mindanao at Bagong Hukbong Bayan.

Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas

Pangunahing artikulo: Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas

Ayon sa mga naitalang fossils ng tao sa bansa, maaaring dinayo na ng mga tao ang Pilipinas, ilang libong taon na ang nakalipas. Tumawid sa mga sinaunang tulay na lupa ang mga Negrito o Ita, ang tinatayang kauna-unahang mga nanirahan sa Pilipinas. Sa kalaunan, dumayo sila sa kagubatan ng mga isla. Sa kasalukuyan nang sumapit ang ikalawang milenyo, nanirahan din sa Pilipinas ang iba pang mga migrante mula sa Peninsula ng Malay, kapuluan ng Indonesia,mga taga Indotsina at Taiwan.

Nanirahan sa bansa noong ika-walong siglo ang mga mangangalakal na Tsino. Ang paglaganap ng mga bansang(kaharian) Budismo sa rehiyon ng Asya ang nagpasimuno ng kalakalan sa pagitan ng mga bansa sa Indonesia, India, Hapon, at Timog-Silangang Asya. Subalit, humina ang mga kaharian sa Timog-Silangang Asya dahil sa mahigpit na kompetisyon at hindi pagkakasundo. Samantala, ang paglaganap ng Islam sa pamamaraan ng komersyo at proselitismo, tulad ng Kristiyanismo, ang nagdala sa mga mangangalakal at misyonero sa rehiyon; ang mga Arabe ay dumating sa Mindanao noong ika-14 na siglo. Sa pagdating ng mga unang Europeo, sa pangunguna ni Fernando Magallanes (Ferdinand Magellan) noong 1521, mayroon nang mga rajah hanggang sa hilaga ng Maynila, na naging mga karugtungang-sangay ng mga kaharian ng Timog-silangang Asya. Subalit, pawang mga nagsasarili ang mga isla ng Pilipinas noon.

Sinakop at inangkin ng mga Kastila ang mga pulo noong ika-16 na siglo at pinangalanan itong "Islas Filipinas" na isinunod kay Haring Felipe II. Kaagad na ipinakilala at pinalaganap ang Katolisismo sa pamamagitan ng mga misyonero, at pati na rin ang mga Batas ng Indias (Laws of the Indies) at iba pang alituntuning pampatupad. Matigas na pagsuway ang itinugon ng mga grupong katutubo sa kabundukan pati na rin ng mga mapanlabang Moro na nagpapatuloy hanggang sa ngayon. Kabi-kabilang mga himagsikan at karahasan ang lumaganap sa mga baybayin sa kabuuan ng tatlong siglong pananakop, bunga na rin ng pag-aabuso at kakulangan ng reporma. Pinamahalaan mula sa Nueva España (Bagong Espanya sa ngayon ay Mehiko) ang bagong teritoryo at nagsimula ang kalakalan sa Galeon ng Maynila sa pagitan ng Acapulco at Maynila noong ika-18 siglo o dantaon.

Itinatag ni Gobernador José Basco y Vargas noong 1781 ang Sociedad Económica de los Amigos del País (Economic Society of Friends of the Country, "Samahang Pang-ekonomiya ng mga Kaibigan ng Bayan") at ginawang hiwalay ang bansa mula sa Nueva España.

Nagbukas ang ekonomiya ng bansa sa mundo noong ika-19 siglo. Ang pag-angat ng mga masigasig at makabayang burgis, binubuo ng mga edukadong katutubong Pilipino, mga Kastila at creole na ipinanganak sa Pilipinas, mga mestisong Espanyol at Tsino, silang mga ilustrado ang nagpahiwatig ng pagtatapos ng kolonyalismong Kastila sa kapuluan. Naliwanagan sa Kilusang Propaganda na nagsiwalat sa kawalang-katarungan ng pamahalaang kolonyal, sama-samang sila sumigaw para sa kalayaan. Inaresto, nilitis, binigyang-sala, hinatulan ng kamatayan at binaril si José Rizal, ang pinakasikat na propagandista, noong 1896 sa Bagumbayan [na ngayo'y Luneta] dahil sa mga akto umano ng pagpapabagsak ng pamahalaan. Naglaon at pumutok ang Himagsikang Pilipino na pinangunahan ng Katipunan, isang lihim na rebolusyonaryong lipunan na itinatag ni Andrés Bonifacio at napamunuan din ni Emilio Aguinaldo. Halos tagumpay na napatalsik ng rebolusyon ang mga Kastila noong 1898.

Noong taong ding yon, magkadawit ang Espanya at Estados Unidos sa Digmaang Kastila-Amerikano. Natalo ang Espanya at ipinasiya nilang ipasa ang kanilang mga kolonyang Pilipinas, Guam, Kuba, at Puerto Rico sa Estados Unidos. Binayaran naman ng Estados Unidos ang Espanya ng 20 milyong dolyar para sa mga ito, gayong nakapag-deklara na ng kalayaan ang Pilipinas.

Ang pagtanggi ng Pilipino sa panibagong pananakop, ngayon ng Amerikano, ang nagtulak sa Digmaang Pilipino-Amerikano na natapos umano noong 1901 ngunit nagpatuloy hanggang 1913. Sa wakas, ipinagkaloob noong 1946 ang kalayaan pagkatapos ng maikling pananakop ng bansang Hapon noong Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig, pagkatapos ng huling pagkatalo ng bansang Hapon noong 1945. Ang huling pagbabalik ng mga pwersang Pilipino at Amerikano mula sa Pagpapalaya sa Pilipinas mula Oktubre, 1944 hanggang Setyembre, 1945.

Taon ng pagbawi at muling pagbangon pagkatapos ng giyera ang mga sumunod na taon, ng karahasan sa sibilyan dulot ng diktadurang Ferdinand Marcos na napatalsik noong 1986, at ng patuloy na suliraning dulot ng komunista at separatistang Moro.

Pulitika

Pambansang pamahalaan

Ang pamahalaan ng Pilipinas, na hinalintulad sa sistema ng Estados Unidos, ay natatag bilang Republika ng mga Kinatawan. Ang kanyang Pangulo ay may tungkulin bilang pinuno ng estado at pati ng pamahalaan. Siya rin ang namamahala ng Hukbong Sandatahan. Naluluklok ang Pangulo sa posisyon sa pamamagitan ng isang pangkalahatang halalan at manunungkulan siya sa loob ng anim na taon. Siya ang may katungkulang maghirang ng mga kasapi at mamuno sa Gabinete.

Ang Batasan ng Pilipinas ay nahahati sa dalawang Kapulungan, ang Senado at Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan. Ang mga miyembro ng dalawang kamarang Kongreso, na binubuo ng Senado at ng Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan, ay hinahalal sa botong popular.

Binubuo ang Mataas na Kapulungan o Senado ng 24 na Senador na naninilbihan sa loob ng 6 na taon. Tuwing 3 na taon, kalahati ng mga kasapi nito ay napapalitan sa pamamagitan ng pangkalahatang halalan at maaaring manungkulan ang isang Senador nang hanggang 3 sunud-sunod na termino.

Samantala, ang Mababang Kapulungan o Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan naman ay inihahalal ng mga botante ng isang distrito o sektor at may terminong 3 taon. Maaari ring manilbihan ang isang Kinatawan ng hanggang 3 sunud-sunod na termino. Binubuo ang Mababang Kapulungan ng hindi bababa sa 225 Kinatawan.

Ang sangay Panghukuman ng pamahalaan ay pinamumunuan ng Katataastaasang Hukuman, ang Punong Mahistrado (chief justice) ang lider nito at may 14 na Kasamang Mahistrado(associate justices), lahat hinihirang ng Pangulo at manunungkulan hanggang sa panahon ng kaniyang pagreretiro.

Ang Pangulo, Pangalawang Pangulo at Punong Mahistrado ng Pilipinas ay mapatatalsik lamang sa kaniyang posisyon sa pamamagitan ng isang prosesong pampulitika na kung tawagin ay impeachment.

Ugnayang panlabas

Ang Pilipinas ay isang prominenteng kasapi at isa sa tagapagtaguyod ng Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Ito rin ay isang aktibong tagalahok sa Kooperasyong Pang-ekonomiya sa Asya-Pasipiko (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation), isang kasapi ng Pangkat ng 24 (Group of 24) at isa sa 51 mga bansang nagtatag sa United Nations (UN; Nagkaisang mga Bansa) noong Oktubre 24,1945.

Ang Pilipinas ay kasalukuyang nasa isang pagtatalo sa mga bansang Taiwan, Tsina, Vietnam at Malaysia patungkol sa kung sino ang tunay na may-ari ng Spratly Islands na mayaman sa langis at petrolyo natural. Ito rin ay may di pagkakaunawaan sa bansang Malaysia sa usaping Sabah. Sinasabing binigay ng Sultan ng Brunei ang teritoryo ng Sabah sa Sultan ng Sulu, pagkatapos nitong tumulong sa pagkawasak ng isang rebelyon doon. Iyon ang nagbigay karapatan at poder sa pamahalaan ng Pilipinas na angkinin muli ang kanyang nawalang lupain. Hanggang ngayon, tumatanggap ang Sultan ng Sulu ng pera para sa "renta" sa lupa mula sa pamahalaan ng Malaysia.

Silipin din:

Mga Rehiyon Panlalawigan

Pangunahing artikulo: Mga Rehiyon at Lalawigan ng Pilipinas

Ang Pilipinas ay nahahati sa mga pangkat ng pamahalaang lokal (local government units o LGU). Ang mga lalawigan o probinsya ang prinsipal na pangkat. Hanggang 2002, mayroong 79 na lalawigan sa bansa. Ang mga ito ay nahahati pa sa mga lungsod (lungsod) at bayan (munisipalidad), na binubuo ng mga barangay. Ang barangay ang pinakamaliit na pangkat lokal ng pamahalaan. Ang lahat ng mga probinsya ay nalulupon sa 17 rehiyon para sa kadaliang administratibo. Karamihan sa mga ahensya ng pamahalaan ay nagtatayo ng opisinang rehiyonal para magsilbi sa mga lalawigang saklaw nito. Subalit, ang mga rehiyon sa Pilipinas ay walang bukod na pamahalaang lokal, maliban sa Muslim Mindanao at Cordillera, na autonomous.

Tumungo sa mga artikulo ng mga rehiyon at mga lalawigan para makita ang mas malaking mapa ng mga lokasyon ng mga rehiyon at lalawigan.

Mga Rehiyon

Luzon

Visayas

Mindanao

¹ Ang mga pangalan ay nasa malalaking titik sapagkat ang mga ito ay akronym na naglalaman ng mga pangalan ng sinasakupang lalawigan at/o lungsod. (silipin Akronym ng Pilipinas).

Heograpiya

Ang Pilipinas ay isang kapuluan. Binubuo ng maraming mga pulo ang isang kapuluan. Binubuo ang bansang ito ng 7,107 na mga pulo, kung saan 7 ay tinaguriang mga 'Pangunahing Pulo'. May kabuuang sukat ang lupa nito na 300,000 km². Ang mga isla ay karaniwang nahahati sa tatlong grupo: Luzon (Rehiyon I hanggang V + NCR at CAR), Visayas (VI hanggang VIII), at Mindanao (IX hanggang XIII + ARMM). Ang abalang daungan ng Maynila, sa Luzon, ay ang kabisera ng bansa at ang pangalawang-pinakamalaking lungsod pagkatapos ng Lungsod Quezon. Ang pitong 'Pangunahing Pulo' sa bansa ay ang mga Isla ng Luzon, Mindanao, Palawan, Panay, Cebu, Samar at Bohol.

Ang lokal na klima ay mainit, maalinsangan, at tropikal. Ang kalimitang taunang temperatura ay nasa 26.5° Sentigrado. May tatlong panahon sa Pilipinas na pangkalahatang kinikilala ng mga Pilipino. Ito ay ang Tag-init o Tag-araw (mainit na panahon mula Marso hanggang Mayo), ang Tag-ulan (maulan na panahon mula Hunyo hanggang Nobyembre), at ang Taglamig (malamig na panahon mula Disyembre hanggang Pebrero).

Karamihan sa mga pulong mabundok ay dating natatakpan ng tropikal na kagubatan at itong mga islang ito ay nagmula sa bulkan. Ang pinakamataas na tuktok ay ang Bundok Apo sa Mindanao na may taas na 2,954 m. Maraming aktibong bulkan sa bansa tulad ng Bulkang Pinatubo at Bulkang Mayon. Ang bansa din ay nasa tinatawag na "typhoon belt" ng Kanlurang Pasipiko at ito ay tinatamaan ng mga 19 na bagyo bawat taon.

Ang Pilipinas ay napapaloob rin sa tinatawag na Ring of Fire na isa sa pinaka-aktibong fault areas sa buong mundo.

Ekonomiya

Pangunahing artikulo: Ekonomiya ng Pilipinas

Noong 1998 ang ekonomiya ng Pilipinas — pinaghalong agrikultura, marahan na industriya, at mga serbisyong pansustento — ay nanghina dulot ng krisis pinansyal sa Asya at ng mahinang kondisyon ng lagay ng panahon. Ang pag-angat ay bumaba sa 0.6% noong 1998 mula 5% noong 1997, pero nakabawi hanggang sa 3% noong 1999 at 4% noong [2000]]. Nangako ang gobyerno na ipagpapatuloy ang mga reporma sa ekonomiya para makahabol ang bansa sa mga bagong nagsisipag-unlaran at industriyalisadong mga bansa sa Silangang Asya. Ang nagpapabagal sa pagsisikap ng pamahalaan na mapabuti ang ekonomiya ng bansa ay ang mismong utang nito (utang pampubliko na 77% ng GDP). Ang hinihinging badyet para sa pagbabayad ng utang ay higit na mas mataas pa sa badyet ng pinagsamang Kagawaran ng Edukasyon at Militar.

Ang stratehiyang pinaiiral ng gobyerno ay ang pagpapabuti sa imprastruktura, ang paglilinis sa sistemang tax o buwis para paigtingin ang kita ng gobyerno, ang deregulasyon at [[pagsasapribado] ng ekonomiya, at ang karagdagang pag-kalakal sa rehiyon o mas integrasyon. Ang pagasa ng ekonomiya sa ngayon ay nakadepende sa kaganapang pang-ekonomiya ng kanyang dalawang pangunahing sosyo sa kalakal, ang Estados Unidos at Hapon, at sa isang mas mabisang administrasyon at mas matibay na patakaran ng gobyerno.


Demokrasya

Ayon sa istadistika ng pamahalaan ng Pilipinas at mga kasalukuyang datos ng senso, mga 95% ng populasyon ay etnikong Malay, mga ninuno ng mga imigranteng mula sa Peninsulang Malay at kapuluang Indonesya na dumating bago pa man ang panahong Kristyano. Ang pinakamahalagang maliit na Pangkat Etniko ay ang Tsino na mula pa noong ika-9 na siglo ay nangangalakal na sa Pilipinas. Ang mga mestizo, mga may halong lahing Pilipino-Kastila, Pilipino-Tsino, Pilipino-Hapones, Pilipino-Amerikano o Kastila-Tsino (Tornatra) ay bumubuo ng isang maliliit ngunit makapangyarihang minorya pag dating sa ekonomiya at pulitika. Mayroon ding maliliit na pamayanan ng mga dayuhan tulad ng Kastila, Amerikano, Italyano, Portuges, Hapon, Silangang Indyan, at Arabo, at mga tribung Negrito na nakatira sa mga malalayong sityo at kabundukan.

Ang mga mamamayan ng Pilipinas ay tinatawag na "Pilipino". Sa buong panahon ng pananakop ng mga Kastila, ang katagang "Filipino" ay tumutukoy lamang sa mga Kastila at minoryang mestizo. Subalit sa kalaunan, ang kahulugan nito ay napalitan para itukoy ang buong populasyon ng Pilipinas ng kahit anong lahi o etniko. Ang lokal na termino para sa Pilipino ay Pilipino o Pinoy (lalake), o Pilipina o Pinay (babae),

Sa usapan ng pagkakaroon ng mga pangkat etnitko, nangunguna ang Pilipinas sa bilang ng mga katutubo. Kalakhan ng populasyon ay nahahati sa walong pangunahing grupong Malay-Etniko, na sumatotal ay 95%. Ang pinakamalaking grupo ay ang mga Cebuano (24%), mga Tagalog(24%), at mga Ilocano (11%). Sumunod ang mga Pangasinense, Kapampangan, Hiligaynon o Ilongo, Waray-waray, at iba pang mga Bisaya. Subalit, bilang resulta ng kasalukuyang patakaran ng pamahalaan, ang bansa ay mas naging isa sa kultura sa mga nakaraang dekada.

Kasama ang mga grupong minorya ng kabundukan, mga dayuhan at mga etnikong Pilipinong Moro ng Mindanao sa natitirang 10 porsyento. Ang Aeta o ang Negrito na dating aktibo sa kapuluan ilang libong taon ang nakaraan, ay nagsipaglikas sa loob ng kagubatan at kabundukan. Ang kanilang kapalaran ay tulad din sa ibang grupong katutubo sa buong mundo tulad ng mga Aborigen ng Australya at ang mga Katutubong Amerikano. Marami sa kanila ay napasanib at napahalo sa mananakop na etnikong Malay-Pilipino o kaya'y napahiwalay bunga ng "systematic displacement" noon.

Kabilang sa mga Wikang Banyaga sa Pilipinas ay ang ; Ingles; Tsino (Mandarin, Hokyen at Kantones) sa mga myembro ng komunidad Tsino at Tsino-Pilipino, sa kanilang Lugar ng Tsina o Chinatown at may kasama mula sa Ingles; Hapones; Hindu at Koreano ay mula sa mga miyembro ng Komunidad ng mga Hapones, Indyan, mga Amerikano at mga Koreano, ay mula sa kanilang Lugar ng Hapon o Japantown, Munti ng Hapon o LittleJapan, Munti ng Indyan o LittleIndia Lugar ng korea o Koreatown, Lugar ng mga Amerikano o Americantown at mga Munti ng Amerika o LittleAmerica at paaralan kung saan ang wika ng pagtuturo ay ang bilinggwal na Mandarin/English; Arabe sa mga myembro ng populasyong Muslim o Moro; at Espanyol, na wikang opisyal ng Pilipinas hanggang 1973 at ngayon ay ginagamit ng mababa sa 0.01% ng populasyon (2,658 tagapagsalita, Senso ng 1990). Gayunpaman, ang tanging nabubuhay na wikang kriolyong Asyatiko-Espanyol, ang Tsabakano, ay wika ng ilan sa timog-kanlurang bahagi ng bansa.

Mula 1939, sa pagsisikap na paigtingin ang pambansang pagkakaisa, pinalaganap ng pamahalaan ang pag-gamit ng opisyal na pambansang wika, ang Filipino,de facto na batay sa Tagalog. Tinuturo ang Filipino sa lahat ng paaralan at unti-unting tinatanggap ng populasyon bilang pangalawang wika. Ang Ingles naman ay ginagamit bilang pangalawang wikang opisyal at kadalasang maririnig sa talakayan ng pamahalaan, edukasyon at negosyo.

Kultura

Pangunahing artikulo: Kultura ng Pilipinas

Sa buong kasaysayan ng Pilipinas, walang ni isang tanging pambansang identitad pangkultura ang nahubog. Sa isang bahagi, ito ay dahil marahil sa napakaraming wikang ginagamit sa buong kapuluan na tinatantiyang nasa 80, bukod pa sa mga dialekto nito. Ang pagkakabukod-bukod ng mga magkakaratig na barangay o mga pulo ay nakadagdag din sa pagkawalang pagkakaisa sa identidad.

Sa pagdating ng mga Kastila, tumawag ang mga misyonerong Katoliko ng mga katutubo para maging tagasalin, nakapaglikha ng bilingguwal na uri, ang mga Ladinos. Ang mga ito, tulad ng tanyag na makatang si Gaspar Aquino de Belen, ay lumikha ng mga tula ng kabanalan na sinulat sa titik Romano, kalimitan sa wikang Tagalog. Ang pasyon ay isang pagsasalaysay ng simbuyo, pagkamatay at muling pagkabuhay ni Hesukristo na sinimulan ni Gaspar Aquino de Belen. Umusbong din ang mga panitikang sekular (hindi-relihiyoso) na binase sa mga korido, mga baladang Kastila ng kabalyero. Ang mga salaysay na berso, o ang komedya, ay ginanap sa mga wikang pang-rehiyon para sa mga analfabetong mayoriya (di nakakabasa o nakakasulat). Nasulat din ang mga ito sa alpabetong Romano ng mga prinsipal na wika at kumalat.

Sa karagdagan, ang literatura o panitikang klasikal (Jose Rizal,aira,mikaela Pedro Paterno at mga dokumento ng kasaysayan (pambansang awit, Constitución Política de Malolos), ay naisulat sa Espanyol, na hindi na opisyal na wika ngayon. Ang mga manunulat na Pilipino, tulad ni Claro M. Recto ay nagpatuloy sa pagsusulat sa wikang Espanyol hanggang 1946.

Ang Pilipinas ay bayan ng maraming bayani. Sinasabing si Lapu-Lapu ng isla ng Mactan ang unang pumigil sa agresyong kanluranin at ang pumatay kay Fernando Magallanes. Si Jose Rizal (ipinanganak noong ika-19 ng Hunyo, 1896 sa bayan ng Calamba, Laguna), ipinagmamalaki ng Lahing Malay, Pambansang Bayani ng Pilipinas, sinaulo ang 22 mga wika: Arabe, Katalan, Tsino, Ingles, Pranses, Aleman, Griyego, Ebreo, Italyano, Hapones, Latin, Malay, Portuges, Ruso, Sanskrito, Espanyol, Tagalog at iba pang katutubong diyalekto; siya ay naging isang arkitekto, artista, negosyante, karikaturista, guro, ekonomista, etnolohista, siyentipikong magsasaka, historiador, imbentor, peryodista, dalubhasa sa wika, musikero, mitolohista, nasyonalista, naturalista, nobelista, siruhano sa mata, makata, propagandista, sikologo, syentipiko, manlililok, sosyolohista, at teolohiko. Ang unang Asyatikong Kalihim-Heneral ng Asamblea Heneral ng Mga nagkakaisang Bansa (UN) ay isang Pilipino - si Carlos Peña Romulo.

Itinuturing na Pandaigdigang Pook na Pamana (World Heritage Sites) ang mga Barokeng Simbahan ng Pilipinas at ang Makasaysayang Bayan ng Vigan. Kabilang sana dito ang Intramuros ngunit nawasak ito matapos and Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig. Isa ring Pandaigdigang Pook na Pamana (World Heritage Site) ang "Hagdang-hagdang Palayan" o Pay-yo ng Cordillera, na kinikilala ring pang-walong nakakahangang-yaman ng mundo


PuNkIzTa · 5021 views · 1 comment
17 Feb 2008 
Rizal Park!
Locally known by its previous name Luneta Park or just Luneta.



Rizal Park is like an oasis for relaxation and fun in the midst of Manila and situated next to Intramuros. Rizal Park has gardens, historical markers, plazas, a grand stadium, an observatory, an open-air concert hall, an artists' sanctuary, a light-and-sound theatre, restaurants, food kiosks and playgrounds, and dozens of fountains.
Rizal Park is in the
heart of Manila's thriving financial, commercial, industrial and institutional centers, overlooking the famous and picturesque Manila Bay
.

The park
was a tribute to the Philippine's national hero, Jose Rizal, a doctor and novelist who was shot by firing squad at this site on December 30, 1896 on charges of fomenting local rebellion against the Spanish government.
However t
he Philippines declared its freedom from Spain on June 12, 1898 but the American forces quickly replaced the Spanish colonizers. The US granted the Philippines its freedom on July 4, 1946 , after the defeat of Japanese forces in the country.
Jose Rizal, the Philippine national hero.

At the center of it all is the 1913 bronze Rizal's monument situated a few meters away from the marker indicating the actual execution site.

An honor guard is on duty 24 hours a day. Behind the monument, the original Spanish version of the poem "Mi Ultimo Adios" is engraved, along with translations in other languages. Rizal wrote this poem while imprisoned in his cell in Fort Santiago from November 3, 1896 to December 29, 1896.

Many national dedication days are held in front of the Rizal monument.
It is also where foreign leaders attend wreath-laying ceremonies during state visits.

The park is divided into three sections beginning with the 16-hectare Agrifina Circle adjoining Taft Avenue, where the Department of Tourism and the National Museum of the Filipino People (formerly the Department of Finance) are located; followed by the 22-hectare park proper that extends down to Roxas Boulevard; and terminating at a 10-hectare open field across Roxas Boulevard fronting Quirino Grandstand along the Manila Bay.

The 31-meter Philippine flagpole is called kilometer zero, because it is where the distance of the country's towns and cities is measured from. Just beside the flagpole is Rizal monument, where foreign leaders attend wreath-laying ceremonies during state visits.

It is also where Manuel Roxas, first President of the Republic, was sworn in on July 4, 1946.From the Rizal monument, one can see the Quirino Grandstand, the Manila Bay , Manila Hotel, Army Navy Club, the Gallery of National Heroes, and San Lorenzo Ruiz Plaza , in honor of Lorenzo Ruiz who is considered by the Catholic Church as the first Filipino saint.

On the northern side of the park is the Lights and Sounds of Rizal - an audio-visual and three-dimensional diorama of Rizal's execution, consisting of life-size sculptures by Eduardo Castrillo.
The Martyrdom of Dr. Jose Rizal, a Light and Sound Sculptural Tableau is a "living" memorial honoring the Philippine's national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal.
The tableau is an open-air theater presentation, featuring a 30-minute dramatization of the most poignant moments of Rizal's final hours, through 8 monumental sculptural clusters in an interplay of light and sound.


PuNkIzTa · 2397 views · 0 comments
16 Feb 2008 

4 Big Bs of Sports

Bowling, billiards, boxing and basketball are the four big Bs of Philippine sports. These four sports events have rewarded the country richly and produced world champions like Paeng, Coo, Bata, Django, Amang, Flash, Pancho, Onyok, and Caloy.

In a 1999 survey, local poll firm Social Weather Stations claimed that the most popular sports in the Philippines were basketball (72 percent), boxing (55 percent), billiards (37 percent) and bowling (15 percent).

Bowlers

Bowling, one of the four big Bs of Philippine sports is no doubt a field where Filipinos have excelled in. Two Filipinos have been included in the 1993 inaugural International Bowling Hall of Fame, namely: Paeng Nepomuceno and Bong Coo. Bowling has also produced an Olympic gold medal and six Asiad gold medals for the Philippines. Too bad, bowling was just a demonstration sports when Arianne Cerdena won a gold in the 1988 Seoul Olympics. Nevertheless, Filipinos have already etched their names on top of more than 100 million bowlers worldwide.

Rafael "Paeng" Nepomuceno
Paeng owns the following distinctions: "Greatest Filipino Athlete of All Time", "Athlete of the Century", and "International Bowling Athlete of the Millennium." He has won the World Cup in bowling four times in three decades. He could even win his fifth in fourth decade.

He won his first World Cup in Tehran, Iran on November 19, 1976 when he was only 19 years old; his second World Cup in Jakarta, Indonesia on November 1, 1980; his third World Cup in Le Mans, France on November 8, 1992; and his fourth World Cup in Belfast, Northern Ireland on November 23, 1996.

Paeng also won two equally prestigious international titles, namely: the International Tournament championship in Las Vegas, Nevada on August 8, 1984 and the World Tenpin Masters championship in London, England on March 7, 1999. On October 4, 2002, Paeng won a gold medal together with RJ Bautista in bowling's double event for men at the Asian Games held in Pusan, South Korea. All in all, Paeng has won over 100 tournament titles.

He is the only bowler who had received the prestigious International Olympic Committee (IOC) President's Trophy and was the first enshrined in the International Bowling Hall of Fame in St. Louis, Missouri in 1993. In November 1999, the Federation Internationale des Quilleurs (FIQ) named Paeng as the "International Bowling Athlete of the Millennium."

In a ceremony held in Dubai, United Arab Ermirates, an FIQ official cited Paeng with these words: "No international bowling athlete is more deserving of recognition than Paeng. In addition to his long list of well-known achievements as a world champion in three decades, Paeng truly has been and continues to be an extraordinary ambassador for our sport. I congratulate Paeng for receiving the highest award possible from the IOC. Being the first time an IOC recognition has been given to a bowling athlete, I can only say: On behalf of 100 million bowlers in the world, I salute Paeng Nepomuceno as the international bowling athlete of the millennium."

Paeng, who is still an active player, was born in Manila on January 30, 1957. Truly, Paeng is a world champion and we are proud to say that Paeng is a Filipino!

Bong Coo
Like Paeng Nepomuceno, Bong Coo dubbed as "Asia's Bowling Queen" was enshrined in the World Bowling Hall of Fame in 1993. She is the most awarded female Filipino athlete in history, having won 107 national and international titles including two world titles, one World Cup and five Asiad gold medals. She set three world records in consecutive FIQ World Championships in 1979 and 1983 and one world record in 1979 World Cup.

Lita dela Rosa
Lita dela Rosa won bowling's World Cup in Bogota, Colombia in 1978.

Arianne Cerdena
It was a Filipino triumph just the same. Despite being excluded from the regular gold medal tally, Arianne Cerdena's Olympic gold medal, which she won at Royal Bowling Center in Seoul, South Korea on September 18, 1988 only proves that the Philippines could easily beat other countries for that elusive Olympic gold. For the record, bowling was considered only as a demonstration sport in the 1988 Seoul Olympics.

Asiad Gold Medallists
Bong Coo has won five gold medals in the Asian Games from 1978 to 1986. Her teammates in five-person team events were Lita de la Rosa, Rosario de Leon, Lily Reformado, and Nellie Castillo. On October 4, 2002, Paeng Nepomuceno and RJ Bautista won the men's doubles bowling event at the 14th Asian Games in Busan, South Korea. It was the first Asiad gold for Nepomuceno. Both Paeng and RJ are left-handed.

Other Champion Bowlers
Among the other Filipino bowlers who have performed competitively in World Cup and other international tournaments include Irene Benitez, Jojo Canare, Liza Clutario, Angelo Constantino, Rosario de Leon, Liza del Rosario, Benito Dytoc, Jorge Fernandez, Cecilia Gaffud, Delfin Garcia, Irene Garcia, Chester King, Loreto Maranan, Richard Poblete, Lolita Reformado, Leonardo Rey, Linda Reyes, Rene Reyes, Engelbert Rivera, Virgilio Sablan, Rudy Salazar, Jose Santos, Catalina Solis, Christian Suarez, Manny Sugatan, Diana Tanlimco, Paulo Valdez, Bec Watanabe, and Cecilia Yap.

Billiards Players


Billiards, one of the four big Bs of Philippine sports, has been a consistent source of pride for Filipino sports aficionados. So popular has this game become that it has edged out basketball as the number one sports among Filipino youth, if one is to consider the number of pool halls in the country today.

This trend can be attributed to the exploits of Filipino cue artists who have invaded various international tournaments in the past two decades. The mere mention of the names Bata, Django, Amang, Lining and others could quickly elicit admiration from Filipino billiard aficionados.

It is a proven fact, and not a hyperbole if we claim that Filipino cue artists are among the world's best that have played the game.

Efren "Bata" Reyes
While Paeng is recognized as the finest Filipino athlete, Efren "Bata" Reyes is undoubtedly the most admired Filipino champion. A 1999 survey conducted by local poll firm Social Weather Stations (SWS) showed that "the Magician" is the sports personality most admired by Filipinos.

Bata's magic can be attributed to his humility and his sheer delight in associating with the common tao. His charm can also be credited to the fact that he has been a world champion for many times and is considered the finest billiard player of all time.

In 1995, Bata was ranked as the world's number 1 billiard player. Least known among his exploits is the fact that Bata is a four-time World 8-Ball champion. It is said that nobody could rival Bata's strategy in the 8-ball. In 1999, he clinched the World 9-Ball Championship in Wales, proving that he is an all-around billiard player.

Because of his exploits in Wales, his two gold medals in the 20th Southeast Asian Games in Brunei, and five other major international titles all in one year, Bata received the Athlete of the Year in 1999. For the second time, he was named Athlete of the Year for his exploits in 2001.

In its December 21, 2001 issue, the prestigious Time Magazine has included Reyes in its roster world's best in sports and described him as the Philippines' "sole bona fide international sports superstar".

Aside from the World 8-Ball and Word 9-Ball championships, other international tournaments he has bagged since 1985 include the Tokyo 9-Ball Tournament, the World League Title, International Challenge of Champions 9-Ball Classic, First Masters 9-Ball Championship, Pro-Tour Championship, Derby City One-Pocket, Camel Pro 8-Ball, Masters 9-Ball, among others. In 1995, the US magazine "Billiards Digest" named him as the Player of the Year.

Bata Reyes, who is still an active player, was born in Pampanga in 1953.

Francisco "Django" Bustamante
In 1998, Django Bustamante, who has the most smashing break in billiards, was considered the world's number one billiard player because of the string of victories he won in the United States, Europe, Japan and the Philippines. The US magazine "Billiards Digest" also named him as the Player of the Year for 1998.

Django has bagged the World Pool Masters Championship twice (1998 and 2001). Other international tournaments he has won over the years include the Camel Pro Billiards Series, ESPN Champion of Champions, Japan Open 9-ball event, Peninsula 9-Ball Open, Riviera Hotel Pro- 8-Ball Open Championship in Las Vegas, All-Japan Championship, and IBC 9-Ball.

Despite the death of her young daughter, Bustamante placed second behind Earl Strickland of the United States in the World 9-Ball Championship held in Cardiff, Wales in July 2002. In October of the same year, Django together with Antonio "Nikoy" Lining won a gold medal in the 9-ball doubles event of the Asian Games in Busan, South Korea.

Django was born in Tarlac in 1964 and is based in Germany.

Asian Gold Medallists
Billiards has produced two Asiad gold medals for the Philippines. In the 1998 Bangkok Asian Games, Romeo Villanueva and Gandy Valle brought home the country's only gold medal, after capturing the 9-ball doubles event title. On October 7, 2002, Francisco "Django" Bustamante and Antonio "Nikoy" duplicated the feat by winning the 9-ball doubles event at the 14th Asian Games held in Busan, South Korea.

Other Billiards Champions
Aside from Bata and Django, the Philippines teems with world billiards champions. Jose "Amang" Parica, for example, was the number one pool player in the US in 1997. Other champions include Edgar Acaba, Dodong Andam, Lee Van Corteza, Ramon del Rosario, Ramil Gallego, Warren Kiamco, Antonio "Nikoy" Lining, Rodolfo Luat, Dennis Orcullo, Alex Pagulayan, Santos Sambajon, and Romeo Villanueva.

Boxers

Boxing, one of the four big Bs of Philippine sports, has not only produced the most number of Filipino world champions but has also contributed five of the nine Olympic medals harvested by Filipino athletes since the country participated in the Olympics in 1924. The country's two Olympic silver medals came from boxing.

Boxing has also produced the country's lone bronze medal in the Goodwill Games and has hauled 12 gold medals from the Asian Games, the most among sports events that Filipinos participated in.

Two of the four Asians enshrined in the New York-based International Boxing Hall of Fame were Filipinos, namely: Pancho Villa in the old-timer category and Gabriel "Flash" Elorde in the modern category. Aside from Villa and Elorde, the Philippines has also produced world boxing greats like Ceferino Garcia, Ben Villaflor, Erbito Salavarria, Pedro Adigue, Rolando Navarette, Luisito Espinosa, Gerry Penalosa, and Manny Pacquiao.

Pancho Villa
Pancho Villa, who has been touted as the greatest flyweight of the century by the Associated Press, was also the first world champion from Asia. He was one of only four Asians enshrined into the New York-based International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1994. He was also inducted to the World Boxing Hall of Fame.

Born as Francisco Guilledo in Ilog, Negros Occidental on August 1, 1901, he began his boxing career in 1919 and adopted the name Pancho Villa after a famous Mexican revolutionary leader.

After his successful bids in the Philippines, he went to New York in pursuit of international bouts. Known for his whirlwind style, Villa, then 22, knocked out reigning world flyweight champion Jimmy Wilde of England in the seventh round at New York's Polo Grounds on June 18, 1923.

Among the opponents that he trounced were Benny Schwartz, Georgie Marks, Frankie Ash and Clever Sencio.

During his entire boxing career, Villa engaged in 99 bouts - 22 knockouts, 49 wins by decision, 5 losses, 4 draws and 19 no-decision bouts.

Gabriel "Flash" Elorde
In 1974, the World Boxing Council named Gabriel "Flash Elorde" as "the greatest world junior lightweight boxing champion in WBC history" for winning 79 bouts in his professional boxing career. In 1993, he became the first Asian inducted into the New York-based International Boxing Hall of Fame. He was also enshrined into the World Boxing Hall of Fame.

Elorde became a world champion in the 130-pound division on March 16, 1960 when he knocked out American Harold Gomes at the Araneta Coliseum in Cubao, Quezon City. Since then, he has defended his title in 10 bouts for seven years, making him the longest reigning world junior lightweight champion ever. He finally lost to Japanese Yoshiaki Numata in a 15-round match in Tokyo on June 15, 1967.

Elorde was born in Bogo, Cebu in 1935 and died in 1985.

Roel Velasco
A gold medal at the first Muhammad Ali Cup Invitational Boxing Championship, a silver at the 1997 World Boxing Championships, a bronze at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics, and a bronze at the 1998 Goodwill Games. These are just a few of the many honors Roel Velasco has brought home from grueling international boxing competitions.

With such feats, Roel, the older brother of Olympic silver medallist Mansueto "Onyok" Velasco, is perhaps the country's most successful amateur boxer. In September 1997, Roel, a light flyweight, won the country's first gold medal in the Muhammad Ali Cup Invitational Boxing Championship. That was his third international gold medal in that year, after winning gold medals at the Italian Boxing Championship in Italy and the Balado Memorial Cup in Cuba.

In July 1998, then 24-year-old Roel also won the country's first-ever bronze medal in the Goodwill Games held in New York, USA when he outclassed an American opponent. He later lost to a Russian boxer in the semifinals to settle for the bronze. Before this, Roel won the silver medal in the World Championships held in Budapest, Hungary in 1997.

Roel was the sole Filipino medallist (outside demonstration sports) in the 1992 Olympic Games held in Barcelona, Spain. He won the Olympic bronze medal when he was only 18 years old. Roel was born in Bago City, Negros Occidental province in 1974. He is a member of the Philippine Navy.

Ceferino Garcia
Ceferino Garcia was the heaviest Filipino ever who became a world-boxing champion. Known for his bolo punch, he captured the world middleweight title on October 2, 1939 when he knocked out Fred Apostoli in New York. He defended his crown against top rivals twice (Americans Glen Lee and Henry Armstrong) before losing his title in May 1940. Before he switched to the middleweight division, Garcia became a welterweight champion when he knocked out boxing legend and war hero Barney Ross in 1937 and Henry Armstrong in 1938.

He was born in 1912 and grew up in Tondo, Manila. In 1977, Ceferino Garcia was inducted into the Ring Magazine Hall of Fame and into the World Boxing Hall of Fame in 1981.

Luisito Espinosa
For five years, Luisito "Lindol" Espinosa has held two different world-boxing titles: the World Boxing Council (WBC) featherweight crown and the World Boxing Association (WBA) bantamweight belt.

In 1996, Luisito Espinosa was named "Athlete of the Year" for defending his World Boxing Council (WBC) featherweight crown twice. He edged out Olympic silver medallist Mansueto Velasco in the country's top athlete award. He was again feted the "Athlete of the Year" award in 1999 alongside golfer Frankie Minoza.

The five-foot-seven boxer was born in Tondo, Manila on June 26, 1967.

Manny Pacquiao
Manny Pacquiao, one of the finest Filipino power punchers, is an International Boxing Federation (IBF) world super bantamweight champion and a former World Boxing Council (WBC) flyweight champion.

He was the first Filipino to clinch a world boxing title at the MGM Grand Garden Arena where he floored Lehlo Ledwaba of South Africa in the sixth round to bag the IBF super bantamweight title in June 2001. Before this, Pacquiao knocked out a Thai champion in the 8th round of their match in Bangkok on December 3, 1998 to win the World Boxing Council (WBC) flyweight title.

Pacquiao was born in Bukidnon province (northern Mindanao) on December 12, 1976. He is married to the beautiful Jinky.

Ben Villaflor
Another world junior lightweight champion was Ben Villaflor, who was only 18 years old, when he dethroned Alfredo Marcano on April 25, 1972. He lost his title to a Japanese contender but regained it seven months later. Villaflor was able to defend his crown for five times until 1976.

Erbito Salavarria
On December 7, 1970, Erbito Salavarria wore the World Boxing Council (WBC) flyweight belt when he beat a Thai world champion. On April 1, 1975, he grabbed the World Boxing Association (WBA) flyweight crown from a Japanese fighter.

Rolando Navarette
In August 1981, Rolando Navarrete knocked out a British boxer in the fifth round to clinch the World Boxing Council (WBC) super featherweight championship. Navarrete kept the title until May 1982 when he lost to a Mexican pug.

Pedro Adigue Jr.
Pedro Adigue Jr. had reportedly held five different titles in his professional boxing career. His career reached its peak on December 14, 1968 when he defeated American Adolph Pruitt to bag the World Boxing Council (WBC) junior welterweight crown.

Gerry Penalosa
Gerry Penalosa won the World Boxing Council (WBC) super flyweight crown on February 20, 1997 and was able to defend it three times until August 1998. In June 1999, he knocked out a Mexican fighter to clinch the vacant World Boxing Association (WBA) North American junior bantamweight title in Mississippi. Penalosa, the brother of former world champion Dodie Boy Penalosa, was born in Cebu.

Small Montana
His real name was Benjamin Gan. Based in the US, Small Montana became the world flyweight champion in 1935. He kept the title until 1937.

Little Dado
Another Filipino who fought in the US, Little Dado kept the National Boxing Association (NBA) flyweight crown from 1938 to 1940. NBA is the predecessor of the World Boxing Association (WBA).

Salvador "Dado" Marino
On August 1, 1950, Salvador "Dado" Marino defeated Terry Allen to bag the world flyweight boxing championship. He kept the title until May 1952.

Roberto Cruz
Roberto Cruz knocked out Raymundo Torres in the first round to clinch the vacant World Boxing Association (WBA) junior welterweight crown in Los Angeles, California on March 20, 1964. He was born in Baguio City on November 2, 1941.

Rene Barrientos
Rene Barrientos became a world-boxing champion when he defeated American fighter Ruben Navarro in 1969. In particular, Barrientos was declared World Boxing Council (WBC) super featherweight champion of the world in Tokyo, Japan on February 15, 1969.

Bernabe Villacampo
On October 20, 1969, Bernabe Villacampo defeated a Japanese opponent to bag the World Boxing Association (WBA) flyweight crown. He kept the title until April 1970.

Frank Cedeno
On September 27, 1983, Frank Cedeno defeated Charlie Magri at Wembley Arena in London, England to win the World Boxing Council (WBC) flyweight championship. He kept the title until January 1984.

Dodi "Boy" Penalosa
On February 22, 1987, Dodi Penalosa, the older brother of Gerry Penalosa, beat a South Korean champion to become the International Boxing Federation (IBF) flyweight champion. He lost the title to another South Korean pug in September of the same year.

Rolando Bohol
Rolando Bohol beat a South Korean champion to become the International Boxing Federation (IBF) flyweight champion at the Araneta Coliseum in Quezon City on January 16, 1988. He lost his crown to a British opponent in London in October of the same year.

Tacy Macalos
On November 5, 1988, Tacy Macalos defeated a South Korean boxer to clinch the International Boxing Federation (IBF) light flyweight title in a bout held in Manila. Macalos he kept the cronw until May 1989 when he lost to a Thai contender in Bangkok.

Eric Chavez
In September 1989, Eric Chavez was crowned the International Boxing Federation (IBF) mini flyweight champion of the world.

Rolando Pascua
On December 19, 1990, Rolando Pascua knocked out Chiquita Gonzalez in the sixth round to bag the World Boxing Council (WBC) light flyweight title. He lost the crown in his first defense match in March 1991.

Manny Melchor
In September 1992, Manny Melchor defeated a Thai fighter to win the International Boxing Federation (IBF) straw weight championship. Melchor, a boxer from Oriental Mindoro province, relinquished the title to another Thai fighter two months later.

Eric Jamili
In December 1997, Eric Jamili defeated a British boxer to bag the World Boxing Organization (WBO) straw weight title. He lost the title in May 1998.

Samuel Duran
Samuel Duran became an Oriental and Pacific Boxing Federation (OPBF) featherweight champion in 1998. He also once held the World Boxing council (WBC) international bantamweight title.

Melvin Magramo
On February 14, 1998, Melvin Magramo defeated a Thai champion to retain his World Boxing Organization (WBO) flyweight crown in front of 10,000 Filipino fans in Las Pinas City.

Joma Gamboa
On December 4, 1999, Joma Gamboa knocked out a Japanese fighter in Nagoya, Japan to become the World Boxing Association (WBA) minimum weight (105 pounds) champion. He defeated a Venezuelan boxer in August 2000 but lost the title to another Japanese opponent in December of that year.

Malcolm Tuñacao
Malcolm Tuñacao was the only reigning Filipino world boxing champion in the year 2000. At 21 years old, Tuñacao grabbed the World Boxing Council (WBC) flyweight crown from a Thai boxer in Bangkok on May 21, 2000 and was able to defend it for the rest of the year. Tuñacao was born in Mandaue City in 1978.

Andy Tabanas
In February 2001, Andy Tabanas edged out a Thai fighter to become the leading World Boxing Organization (WBO) junior flyweight. He kept the interim title for two months.

Tiger Ari
Tiger Ari won the Oriental and Pacific Boxing Federation (OPBF) super featherweight title in early 2002.

Other Boxing Champions
Among other Filipino champions who have won a world tile or figured in international boxing bouts include Manfredo Alipala, Rey Asis, Dencio Cabanella, Little Cezar, Speedy Dado (Diosdado Posadas), Johnny Jamito, Ronnie Jones, Rocky Kalingo, Baby Lorona, Pretty Boy Lucas, Orlando Medina, Benigno Clever Sison, Roberto Somodio, and Young Terror.

Manseuto "Onyok"Velasco
Mansueto "Onyok" Velasco nearly clinched the country's first Olympic gold medal in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics when he slugged it out with Bulgarian Daniel Bojilov in the light-flyweight finals. The controversial bout led to Velasco bringing home the silver medal. Before this, Velasco was one of the three Filipino boxers who clinched gold medals in the 1994 Asian Games held in Hiroshima, Japan.

Anthony Villanueva
The country's first Olympic silver medal came in 1964 when then 19-year-old Anthony Villanueva, son of 1932 bronze medallist Cely Villanueva, fought Russian Stanislave Stephaskin in boxing's featherweight finals at the Tokyo Olympics. Villanueva lost the gold in a split decision to the Russian.

Leopoldo Serantes
Leopoldo Serantes, a light flyweight, completes the cast of Filipino boxers who have brought home five Olympic medals, and joins the father-and-son tandem of the Villanuevas and the Velasco brothers. Serantes clinched a bronze medal in the Olympic Games held in Seoul, South Korea in 1988.

Leopoldo Contancio
Leopoldo Contancio won a gold medal in the Asian Challenge Cup in Manila in 1983.

Asiad Gold Medallists
Filipino athletes have won 12 of their total haul of 56 Asiad gold medals in boxing. Five of these 12 boxing gold medals came from the 1954 Asian Games, which Manila hosted while three came from the 1994 Asian Games held in Hiroshima, Japan.

Other Amateur Champions
Aside from the Velasco brothers, the father and son tandem of the Villanuevas and Leopoldo Serantes, other amateur boxers who have shown impressive performance in international competitions include Celedonio Espinosa, Ricardo Fortaleza, Reynaldo Galido, Roberto Janaiz, Alejandro Ortuoste, Ernesto Porto, Elias Recaido, Ernesto Sajo, and Vicente Tunacao.

Basketball Players

Basketball is arguably the most loved sports in the Philippines. Despite the lack in height, Filipinos have dominated basketball in Southeast Asia and formed world competitive teams in the 1950s.

The Philippines performed well in its participation in the Olympic basketball event from the 1930s to the 1950s and placed third in the 1954 World Basketball Championship (WBC) held in Brazil.

Basketball has produced four Asiad gold medals for the Philippines. The country also won the Asian Basketball Conference (ABC) championships in 1960, 1963, 1967, 1973 and 1986 and the William Jones Cup International Basketball Tournament in 1986 and 1998.

The Philippine basketball team, composed of Philippine Basketball League (PBL) players, has also won the ABC Champions Cup four times: 1984, 1988, 1995 and 1996.

The Philippines Basketball Association (PBA), widely considered the first and oldest professional basketball league in the Asian region, is also the country's number one spectator event.

Olympic Participation
The Philippine basketball team that placed fifth in the basketball event of the 1936 Olympic Games during the Nazi rule in Berlin, Germany, should have won at least a bronze medal, if not for a controversial ruling. Despite winning four of its five games, the country did not bring home any medal. It lost only to the United States, which eventually clinched the gold medal, but defeated Mexico, Estonia, Italy and Uruguay. The members of that fabled 1936 Philippine basketball team were Ambrosio Padilla (team captain), who later became a senator; Charles Borck, who at 6'1" was the tallest in the team; Jacinto Ciria Cruz, Primitivo Martinez, Jesus Marzan, Franco Marquicias, Fortunato Yambao, Amador Obondo, Bibjano Quano and Johnny Worrel.

The Philippine basketball team also performed superbly well in its other Olympic participations, including placing 12th at the 1948 London Olympics, 7th at the 1956 Melbourne Olympics, and 11th at the 1960 Rome Olympics.

World Basketball Championship
The Philippine basketball team, captained by Carlos Loyzaga, placed third in the World Basketball Championship (WBC) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1954. The Philippines beat the favored Uruguay team, 67-63, to clinch the third place on November 5, 1954, which was to become the greatest mark in the history of Philippine basketball. As expected, the U.S. team won the title against the host Brazil.

Loyzaga was chosen as a member of the Mythical Five - the world's best basketball players in 1954. His teammates included Lauro Mumar, Florentino Bautista and Mariano Tolentino.

In 1959, the Philippines also placed 9th at the WBC held in Chile.

Asian Basketball
The Philippine basketball team won the title in the first Asian Basketball Conference (ABC) championship held in Manila in 1960. It duplicated the feat in 1963, 1967, 1973, 1986 and 1996. Basketball has also produced four consecutive Asiad gold medals for the Philippines. The country won the basketball gold in the 1951 New Delhi Asiad, 1954 Manila Asiad, 1958 Tokyo Asiad, and 1962 Jakarta Asiad. The Philippine basketball team, composed of professional celebrities, won a silver medal in the 1990 Asiad, and a bronze medal in 1998 Asiad. The country was the consistent winner in the basketball event at the Southeast Asian Games.

Carlos "The Big Difference" Loyzaga
There was something in common in the country's third place finish in the 1954 World Basketball championship, its four consecutive gold medals in the Asian Games from 1951 to 1962, and its good performance in the 1956 Melbourne Olympics and 1960 Rome Olympics. The common thing was Carlos Loyzaga, who was ironically dubbed as the "Big Difference" of Philippine basketball.

A two-time Olympian, Loyzaga, the team captain, was responsible for steering the fabled Philippine team to third place finish in the World Basketball Championship in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on November 5, 1954. He was named to the Mythical Selection for his sterling performance because he was the third best individual scorer in the world event. The Philippines beat Uruguay, 67-63 to win the third place. The title was won by the United States against Brazil.

Loyzaga was the first basketball player to be inducted into the National Basketball Hall of Fame.

Hall of Famers
As of 2002, there are 22 basketball players enshrined into the Hall of Fame. Aside from Loyzaga, other basketball players who have been named to the National Basketball Hall of Fame since 1999 include Kurt Bachmann, Carlos Badion, Narciso Bernardo, Charlie Borck, Ramoncito Campos, Loreto Carbonell, Jacinto Ciria-Cruz, Geronimo Cruz, Fely and Gabby Fajardo, Tony Genato, Rafael Hechanova, Eddie Lim, Alfonso (Boy) Marquez, Antonio and Primitivo Martinez, Lauro Mumar, Ed Ocampo, Ambrosio Padilla, Mariano Tolentino, and Francisco Vestil.

All-Time Mythical Five
In January 1998, the Philippine Basketball Association has recognized the All-Time Mythical Five of Philippine Basketball: Carlos Loyzaga, Narciso Bernardo, Robert Jaworski, Hector Calma and Alvin Patrimonio representing five decades of Philippine basketball. Loyzaga was cited for his exploits in the 1950s, Bernardo in the 1960s, Jaworski in the 1970s, Calma in the 1980s and Patrimonio in the 1990s.

25 Best PBA Players
The Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) has recognized the "25 All-Time Greatest Players" in the league: Johnny Abarrientos, William "Bogs" Adornado, Ato Agustin, Francis Arnaiz, Lim Eng Beng, Ricardo Brown, Allan Caidic, Hector Calma, Philip Cezar, Atoy Co, Jerry Codiñera, Kenneth Duremdes, Bernard Fabiosa, Ramon Fernandez, Danny Florencio, Alberto Guidaben, Freddie Hubalde, Robert Jaworski, Jojo Lastimosa, Samboy Lim, Ronnie Magsanoc, Vergel Meneses, Manny Paner, Benjie Paras, and Alvin Patrimonio.

Present Batch of Celebrities
A new batch of tall basketball players, many of them Filipino-Americans, has been recently hogging the PBA limelight. Standing at least six feet and six inches tall, these players include Marlou Aquino, Bonel Balingit, Davonn Harp, Dennis Espino, Edward Joseph Feihl, Danny Ildefonso, Jun Limpot, Eric Menk, Mick Pennisi, Andy and Danny Seigle, Paul "Asi" Taulava, and James Walkvist. Feihl, for one, stands seven feet tall.

Four-Time MVPs
Two PBA players hold the record of having won the MVP awards four times in their career. These players are Ramon Fernandez of Crispa Redmanizers and Alvin Patrimonio of TJ Hotdogs. Fernandez retired from the PBA in the early 1990s while Patrimonio remains an active player for the Hotdogs.

Benjie Paras
Benjie Paras of Formula Shell was the first and only PBA player who won the MVP and the Rookie of the Year awards in the same year. Paras, with the moniker "Tower of Power", accomplished his double feats in 1989. When tall Filipino-American players posed a threat to this record, Paras again rose to the occasion and bagged the coveted MVP title in 1999.

Bobby Parks
Bobby Parks won the "Best Import" award in the PBA for seven times. Parks has played for Shell and is now one of the team's consultants.

Grand Slam Coaches
Four PBA coaches were able to win a grand slam (three championship titles in a year) each for their respective teams. They are Baby Dalupan and Tommy Manotoc of Crispa Redmanizers, Norman Black of San Miguel Beer, and Tim Cone of Alaska Milk.

Allan Caidic
Allan Caidic, probably the best three-point shooter in the land during his heyday, has represented the Philippines as a player in four Asian Games (1986, 1990, 1994 and 1998) and as an assistant coach in the 2002 Asian Games. He was a part of the basketball team that won the Jones Cup in 1985 and 1998 and played a large part in clinching the Asian Basketball Confederation (ABC) championship in 1986.

Hector Calma
Hector Calma was a part of the Philippine basketball team that won the Asian Basketball Confederation (ABC) juniors championship in 1978 and 1982 and played a pivotal role in clinching the ABC men's title in 1986. Calma was also a part of the Philippines in Asian Games in 1990 and 1994.


PuNkIzTa · 562 views · 16 comments
16 Feb 2008 

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THERE were concerns about the well of motivation of Coca-Cola’s key players having run dry after they had eliminated their former team.

Asi Taulava and Mark Telan dispelled those worries by continuously stoking the fire for the Tigers, making them the hands-down choices as the PBA Press Corps’ Smart-Accel Co-Players of the Week for the period January 14 to 20.

The two ex-Talk ‘N Text Phone Pals led by example, be it in the locker room or on the court, in the process propping the Tigers past two do-or-die games and into the quarterfinals of the Smart PBA Philippine Cup.

Other Coke players, such as Alex Cabagnot, Ronjay Buenafe and John Arigo, have also stepped up, but even coach Binky Favis himself admits Taulava and Telan are the main factors why his ninth-seeded team has far exceeded expectations.

With the two leading the way to the tune of double-double averages, the Tigers first took out the Phone Pals, 81-73, and then the Air21 Express, 109-102, to arrange a best-of-three quarterfinal meeting with Alaska.

Those wins came after a 101-85 demolition job on Talk 'N Text last Wednesday that dragged the Phone Pals down to the knockout wildcard.

“The two have been tremendous,” said Favis. “A coach can only feel blessed if he has such guys playing their hearts out and doing a bit of every thing for him.”

Taulava, who has previously been bestowed the honor twice in the season-opening conference before, prefers to share the credit with his teammates.

“The guys have been different. The motivation, determination have been there. You can see it in their eyes,” he said.

His TNT teammate from 2002-06, Telan, deserves special mention from Taulava.

“He’s my brother, he’ll always be my brother. He’s my inspiration, knows how to push my buttons,” the 6-foot-9 behemoth remarked of Telan.

“That’s why it’s such an honor to share this citation with him. We wouldn’t be where we are right now if not for Mark. He’s always talking to all of us, but basically he makes me want to play basketball.”

Telan merely shrugs off the compliment.

“Kapag naliligo kasi dati iyun, ako ang taga-sabon,” he said in jest and with a chuckle. “Pero siya naman ang nagbabanlaw sa akin.”

Turning more serious, the 6-foot-6 forward-center said: “Ang motivation factor kasi namin, paano i-pu-prove sa lahat na kaya naming pagtulungang mai-angat ang Coke. Iyun ang commitment namin sa isa’t-isa.”

They translated that pledge to concrete figures.

Telan finished with 22 points and nine rebounds and Taulava 13 markers and a game-high 16 in their second win in as many days over their former team.

Taulava then had 17 points, including seven of Coke’s last 11, and 12 rebounds and Telan 11 and 10 in knocking out the Express.

Incidentally, Coca-Cola is the only team with two players averaging a double-double this conference.

And you know who they are. (NCo)


PuNkIzTa · 823 views · 32 comments
14 Feb 2008 
Attention to all newbie..


PuNkIzTa · 1383 views · 30 comments
Categories: General Forum
14 Feb 2008 
Post here your question and suggestion.


PuNkIzTa · 1082 views · 1 comment
Categories: PINOY CLAN Forum